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The exclusive-OR gate has a graphic symbol similar to the OR gate except for the additional curved line on the input side. The output of this gate is 1 if any input is 1 but excludes the combination when both inputs are 1. The exclusive-OR function has its own algebraic symbol or can be expressed in terms of AND, OR, and complement operations as shown in Fig. 1-2. The exclusive-NOR is the complement of the exclusive-OR, as indicated by the small circle in the graphic symbol. The output of this gate is 1 only if both inputs are equal to 1 or both inputs are equal to 0. A more fitting name for the exclusive-OR operation would be an odd function; that is, its output is 1 if an odd number of inputs are 1. Thus in a three-input exclusive-OR (odd) function, the output is 1 if only one input is 1 or if all three inputs are 1. The exclusive-OR and exclusive-NOR gates are commonly available with two inputs, and only seldom are they found with three or more inputs.

Figure-1.2

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