• Cadenti
  logic family
  medium scale integration
  metal oxide semiconductor
  ac register
  accumulator logic
  adder circuit
  basic computer design
  branch unconditionally
  flowchart
  input and output communication
  input output instruction
  input register
  interrupt cycle
  logic adder circuits
  logic gates
  output register
  register and memory
  binary code
  binary number
  clock pulse
  data types
  decimal numbers
  

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Digital circuits are constructed with integrated circuits. An integrated circuit (abbreviated IC) is a small silicon semiconductor crystal, called a chip, containing the electronic components for the digital gates. The various gates are interconnected inside the chip to form the required circuit. The chip is mounted in a ceramic or plastic container, and connections are welded by thin gold wires to external pins to form the integrated circuit. The number of pins may range from 14 in a small IC package to 100 or more in a larger package. Each IC has a numeric designation printed on the surface of the package for identification. Each vendor publishes a data book or catalog that contains the exact description and all the necessary information about the ICs that it manufactures. As the technology of ICs has improved, the number of gates that can be put in a single chip has increased considerably. The differentiation between those chips that have a few internal gates and those having hundreds or thousands of gates is made by a customary reference to a package as being either a small-, medium-, or large-scale integration device.

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