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Digital integrated circuits are classified not only by their logic operation but also by the specific circuit technology to which they belong. The circuit technology is referred to as a digital logic family. Each logic family has its own basic electronic circuit upon which more complex digital circuits and functions are developed. The basic circuit in each technology is either a NAND, a NOR, or an inverter gate. The electronic components that are employed in the construction of the basic circuit are usually used for the name of the technology. Many different logic families of integrated circuits have been introduced commercially. The following are the most popular.

TTL Transistor-transistor logic

ECL Emitter-coupled logic

MOS Metal-oxide semiconductor

CMOS Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

TTL is a widespread logic family that has been in operation for many years and is considered as standard. ECL has an advantage in systems requiring high-speed operation. MOS is suitable for circuits that need high component density, and CMOS is preferable in systems requiring low power consumption.

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