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Parity bit

 The most common error detection code used is the parity bit. A parity bit is an extra bit included with a binary message to make the total number of 1's either odd or even. A message of three bits and two possible parity bits is shown in Table 3-7. The P(odd) bit is chosen in such a way as to make the sum of 1's (in all four bits) odd. The P(even) bit is chosen to make the sum of all 1's even. In either case, the sum is taken over the message and the P bit. In any particular application, one or the other type of parity will be adopted. The even-parity scheme has the disadvantage of having a bit combination of all O's, while in the odd parity there is always one bit (of the four bits that constitute the message and P) that is 1. Note that the P(odd) is the complement of the P(even).

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